Tiếp nối những bài luận xuất sắc và tốt ở phần 1 của seri “20 Bài Luận Mẫu Có Nhận Xét Chi Tiết Từ Ban Tuyển Sinh Trường Mỹ”, trong phần này, chúng ta sẽ khám phá một số bài luận được đánh giá là “yếu” – từ “yếu” ở đây được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép bởi vì văn chương luôn mang tính tương đối.
Trong các ví dụ này, APUS xếp chúng vào loại “yếu” vì chúng không đạt đủ kỳ vọng của một bài luận ứng tuyển vào các trường đại học. Điều này không có nghĩa rằng các bài luận này tệ, hoặc tác giả là những người viết dở. Điều đó chỉ đơn giản là các bài viết này cần được tập trung và điều chỉnh nhiều hơn.
Các bài luận “yếu” luôn có thể trở thành những bài luận hay. Đôi khi chúng thậm chí có thể trở thành những bài luận xuất sắc. Điều quan trọng nhất là xác định được vấn đề và dành nhiều nỗ lực để giải quyết các vấn đề đó.
Trong hàng ngàn bài luận đại học sẽ luôn có một số vấn đề xuất hiện lặp đi lặp lại và các ví dụ dưới đây thường phạm phải ba lỗi như sau:
Việc học hỏi từ những lỗi này sẽ giúp bạn tránh được chúng cho chính bài luận của mình. Hãy cùng điểm qua các bài luận dưới đây nhé!
I look into the forest, moss wet on my feet. There’s fog everywhere—I can barely see the glasses that sit on my nose. I feel a cool breeze rustle against my coat. I am cold and warm all at once. The sun shines through the fog, casting the shadow of a tree whose roots know no end. At the entrance to the forest, I stand frozen in time and space. I can’t see what’s ahead of me or behind me, only what is. And what is suddenly transforms into what could be. I see a fork in the pathway in front of me. The noise—the noise is so loud. Crickets and owls and tigers, oh my. My thoughts scream even louder. I can’t hear myself think through the sounds of the forest of my mind. Off in the distance, I see a figure. It’s a shadow figure. It’s my mother. She’s walking towards me. I take a step into the forest, fearlessly ready to confront any overwhelming obstacle that comes my way.
When I was a child, I used to play in the forest behind my house. Until one day when I caught my mom sneaking a cigarette outside. She tried to hide it behind her back, but I could see the smoke trailing over her head like a snail. I didn’t know what to do, so I ran farther into the forest. I am used to being disappointed by her. I ran and ran and ran until I tripped over a tree branch that fell in the storm the week before. I laid on the cold, hard ground. The back of me was soaked. Would I turn into my mom? After that, I decided to turn back. The cold was encroaching. I got home and saw my mom in the kitchen. We agreed not to speak of what I saw.
While taking a history test, I looked around at my classmates. The gray desk was cold against my skin. I started counting the people around me, noting those who I knew well and those I had never really talked to. I looked at all the expensive backpacks and shoes. After our test, I asked the person next to me how she thought she did. She said it was a difficult test, and I agreed. Every class period, we’d talk more and more. We became friends. We started hanging out with another friend from biology class. We were inseparable, like three peas in a pod. We’d study together and hang out together and dance. They were the best friends I ever had. We liked to play soccer after school and sing loudly to music in my room. But one day it all stopped. They both stopped talking to me. It was like I had been yanked out of the forest and thrown on to the forest floor. I became moss, the owls pecking at my spikey green tendrils. They found two other friends, and I sat alone at my desk in history again. It was like another test, but this time a history of my own.
Things went on like this for years. Over and over again I got put back into the forest. My friends who I thought were my friends actually were just drama machines. Life is foggy when you don’t know what’s going on. And I live in a forest that’s always foggy. Try as I might to find myself, it’s easy to get lost in all the trails and hills. I’m climbing a mountain each and every day. But I keep going back into the forest, looking for answers.
>> Số từ: 603
Điểm: D
Bài luận này là một ví dụ điển hình về việc lạm dụng phép ẩn dụ và quá tập trung vào suy ngẫm nội tâm. Có thể em học sinh này muốn đưa ra những suy nghĩ sâu sắc và thể hiện chúng một cách sáng tạo, tuy nhiên, đôi khi em ấy lại sa đà đẩy điều này đi quá xa và gây ra phản ứng ngược.
Điểm nổi bật của bài luận này:
Những điểm cần cải thiện:
You may be wondering why I’ve taken so many chemistry classes. Well, that’s because I love chemistry. I used to hate chemistry with a fiery passion but now I love it more than anything. I remember that I used to struggle through every single chemistry assignment I ever got. My sister would try to help me but I’d just get upset, like I really just didn’t understand it and that was so frustrating so I just kept not wanting to do more but eventually I started to think “oh chemistry is at the foundation of everything that makes up our universe,” and isn’t that just fascinating? So then I decided to make a change and actually try to learn chemistry. I started paying attention in class and asking my teacher for help after class and finally one day my sister said, “Wow, you’re really improving.” And that meant so much to me. When my great-grandparents immigrated to the United States, they had no idea what would be in store for their great-grandkids. We really don’t learn chemistry in school until high school, so it’s no wonder I didn’t understand it in high school when I started taking it. Electrons and atoms and acids and alcohols. There’s so much to learn. I really have never been good at math so I’d say that’s one of my biggest challenges in chemistry now is learning how to do the equations and figuring out how the math works. In fifth grade I used to be in advanced math but then it just got worse from there until I learned about tutoring. I started doing tutoring through the high school when I was in ninth grade and it helped a lot because I just needed a little more help for each lesson to really understand it. But even with that the math part of chemistry is still hard for me. But I always keep trying! That’s the most important thing to me I think is to keep trying. Even when problems are hard and I can’t solve them I try to have a good attitude because even if I can’t get it right, doing chemistry is about unlocking the secrets of the universe and that really is interesting even if you can’t completely understand them. When I started taking chemistry in my sophomore year I almost gave up but I was also really inspired by my teacher who guided me through everything. She gave me extra time to do my lab work and was even my lab partner a couple times because our class has an uneven number of students. My favorite part of chemistry lab is mixing solutions and testing them. I don’t like the lab report writing so much but I know it’s an important part. So I try to just get through that so I can get back to doing experiments and such. My favorite experiments was about building a calormieter to measure how many calories is in our food. Calories are energy so you burn your food to measure how much energy they have. Then you write up a report about how many calories each food item like bananas, bread, a cookie, had. The best part of doing labs is having your lab partner there with you. You’re both wearing goggles and lab coats and gloves and you feel really like a professional chemist and it’s nice that you’re not doing it alone. You just read the lab instructions and do each of the steps in order. It’s like baking a cake! You just follow the recipe. But you don’t eat the results! You might use beakers or bunsen burners to hold liquid or burn or heat up whatever it is you’re experimenting on. And when I say “find the meaning of the universe” I really mean it. It’s amazing how much chemistry is in everything. Cooking is doing chemistry because you’re changing up the properties of the food. The air we breathe, the way plants get energy, the medicines we take, we understand it all because of chemistry. I know that becoming a chemist is hard work and isn’t easy. But I know that it’s rewarding and that’s why I want to do it. Helping people is so important to me and I think that chemistry can help me get there. I also like the health and beauty industry and I think it would be fun to get to develop new products or perfumes or medicines.
>> Số từ: 746
Điểm: F
Bài viết này giống như một dòng suy nghĩ tự do thay vì là một bài luận và nó cũng đang không truyền tải được thông điệp một cách rõ ràng. Chúng ta có thể hiểu rằng em học sinh này rất yêu thích hóa học, nhưng ý chính của bài lại chỉ đang ở bề mặt, chưa đủ để khai thác những khía cạnh sâu sắc và ý nghĩa hơn – chính là tầm quan trọng hay vai trò của hóa học và tình yêu dành cho hóa học đối với tác giả.
Điểm nổi bật của bài luận này:
Những điều cần cải thiện:
Ngoài bài luận chính, nhiều trường đại học sẽ yêu cầu các bạn viết thêm các bài luận phụ nhằm bổ sung và hoàn thiện hồ sơ. Đây chính là cơ hội tuyệt vời để các em học sinh chia sẻ thêm về bản thân, giúp ban tuyển sinh hiểu rõ hơn về bạn. Những bài luận này không chỉ đơn thuần bổ sung thông tin, mà còn là cách bạn nhấn mạnh thêm những điểm mạnh mà bài luận chính có thể chưa thể hiện hết.
Khác với bài luận chính, không có câu hỏi chung cho tất cả các bài luận phụ và mỗi trường sẽ đưa ra những câu hỏi riêng trong quá trình xét tuyển. Tuy nhiên, tin vui là những câu hỏi này thường thuộc một số dạng quen thuộc như: Lý do chọn trường, Cộng đồng của bạn, Thử thách cá nhân, Hoạt động ngoại khóa, Sở thích học thuật, Sự đa dạng, và Lý do chọn chuyên ngành.
Bây giờ, hãy cùng đi sâu vào những ví dụ nổi bật cho các dạng câu hỏi thường gặp trong bài luận phụ nhé.
Đề bài từ MIT: Describe the world you come from (for example, your family, school, community, city, or town). How has that world shaped your dreams and aspirations? (225 words or fewer)
I come from a family of do-it-yourselfers. In part, this lifestyle is one of necessity. Hiring professionals isn’t cheap, after all. But our DIY proclivities are also a product of a longstanding family tradition of ingenuity.
My first DIY was a fix on my Cozy Coupe, whose steering wheel had fallen off. Since then, my DIYs have become larger scale. With my dad, I’ve replaced loose bike chains, put in a new car clutch, and re-tiled our kitchen.
But our biggest DIY to date has been building a six-foot telescope together. Made of scraps and spare parts, it’s not the most beautiful telescope. But our focus is on the stars anyway. My entire family has evening picnics, taking turns to look through the makeshift eyepiece. Occasionally the eyepiece falls off, and we all laugh as I run over to replace it.
Coming from a DIY family has made me self-reliant. And when the fixes just aren’t working, my dad reminds me to take a step back and think creatively about solutions. It’s from this mindset that my dream of being an environmental engineer has evolved.
I know that engineering isn’t just about fancy gadgets. It’s about ingenuity. I want to adapt my DIY ingenuity, mind and hand, to even bigger projects that mitigate climate change and lead to a safer tomorrow.
>> Số từ: 220
Điểm: A-
Điểm nổi bật của bài luận này:
Những điều cần cải thiện:
Thay vì chỉ lướt qua, tác giả nên dành thêm thời gian để đi sâu vào chi tiết, giải thích cụ thể hơn về quá trình cộng đồng đã tác động đến suy nghĩ và định hướng của mình. Điều này sẽ giúp làm rõ sự liên kết giữa những trải nghiệm trong cộng đồng và ước mơ, khát vọng cá nhân tác giả một cách mạnh mẽ hơn.
Đề bài từ Duke: We seek a diverse student body that embodies the wide range of human experience. In that context, we are interested in what you’d like to share about your lived experiences and how they’ve influenced how you think of yourself.
There are more traffic lights on the Duke University campus than there are in my entire hometown.
I don’t actually know how many traffic lights Duke has, but it’s a pretty safe bet that it has more than zero, which is how many we have here in Bumpass, Virginia.
Yes, Bumpass. Pronounced “bump-us”.
I’m from a weird little lake town in central Virginia that has two types of residents: part-timers (that’s what we call them), mostly from DC, Richmond, or Charlottesville, with million-plus dollar homes on Lake Anna. They swim and boat on the private side of the lake, which is heated (yes, the lake is heated) by a nuclear power plant. And then there are families like mine. The locals. I’ve always thought “working class” was a nice way for rich people to call poor people poor, but that’s what we are. Families like mine clean the power plant. I’ve never swam in the private side, and our boat is a canoe.
Officially, I’ve had a job since my 16th birthday, which is the legal age in Virginia. But I’ve worked cleaning rental homes and fixing boats for part-timers with my uncle since I was old enough to use a Swiffer and turn a wrench. I’ve cleaned homes that cost more than my extended family’s combined net worth, but oddly I enjoy it. When I see inside their homes, I have something to aspire to, and that’s more than most of my hometown peers can say.
Success around here means making it through community college. Doing so in two years all without abusing alcohol or drugs? I don’t know many people who have done that. But I want to bring my Bumpass experience to Duke. I know how to rise before the sun and get a day’s worth of work in before noon. I know how to talk to goat farmers and postal workers (my best friend’s parents) just as well as neurosurgeons and pilots (my favorite part-timers whose docks I maintain in the off-season).
I’m looking forward to learning from the diverse body at Duke, making friends from around the world, and gaining a better understanding of the world beyond Bumpass.
Điểm: A+
Điểm nổi bật của bài luận này:
Đề bài từ Brown: Brown’s culture fosters a community in which students challenge the ideas of others and have their ideas challenged in return, promoting a deeper and clearer understanding of the complex issues confronting society. This active engagement in dialogue is as present outside the classroom as it is in academic spaces. Tell us about a time you were challenged by a perspective that differed from your own. How did you respond? (200-250 words)
Asking Charlotte to answer a math question was like asking a cat to take a bath. Her resistance was almost instinctual. When I first met her, I had been doing after-school tutoring for about six months. The program paired up high school students with middle schoolers who were falling behind in their classes. Charlotte was my first student and biggest challenge.
At first, her unwillingness to try came across as lazy. I used everything I had in my tutoring arsenal. I encouraged her to give her confidence, and I even brought candy to bribe her. To my dismay, nothing worked. Each time I introduced a new problem, Charlotte simply refused.
My frustration grew so immense that I caught myself being curt with her. When I saw the look of betrayal in her eyes, I was ashamed at my impatience. I realized that Charlotte’s struggles weren’t her fault. Math has always come easy to me. Whereas every math problem I encounter is like a code I’m excited to crack, Charlotte sees math problems as threats. After years of struggling, it’s no wonder that she stopped trying.
Once I understood that we approach math from different perspectives, I tried something new. I got rid of the math book and graph paper, and I brought out gummy bears. We did an algebra problem without her even knowing it. Together, we worked to overcome her fear of math. Along the way, I learned to teach the person, not the subject matter.
World Count: 247
Điểm: B+
Điểm nổi bật của bài luận này:
Điểm có thể cải thiện:
Mỗi đề bài yêu cầu cách tiếp cận và mức độ kết nối với trường học khác nhau. Trong bài viết này, em học sinh này đã khéo léo nhắc đến một số giá trị mà trường Brown đề cao, như việc khuyến khích sự thách thức và trao đổi quan điểm giữa các sinh viên. Tuy nhiên, vì đề bài nói rất nhiều về cộng đồng của trường, em ấy có thể tạo thêm sự kết nối bằng cách làm rõ hơn cách mà trải nghiệm của mình sẽ đóng góp vào cộng đồng sinh viên tại Brown như thế nào.
Đề bài từ Vanderbilt: Vanderbilt offers a community where students find balance between their academic and social experiences. Please briefly elaborate on how one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences has influenced you.
“Would you like another size? Sure thing, I’ll get a medium.”
“Are you interested in saving 10% today with an Old Navy Card? No, no worries…”
“I can clean the bathrooms if someone covers the fitting room!”
I didn’t expect much from my first job. Mostly, I expected to earn $12 an hour and improve my denim folding skills at Old Navy. I didn’t think I could learn so much about people and develop life skills.
As odd as it may sound, retail work brought people together during COVID. I started in July of 2020. Our store had always met for monthly meetings, but everyone emphasized how much closer they’d become since the pandemic. Stepping up to cover someone’s shift when they got sick–or their spouse or child did–used to elicit a quick “thank you!”, but took on a more profound meaning in 2020. Though I started mid-pandemic, everyone I worked with remarked that, with a few notable exceptions, the overall demeanor of the clientele was much more empathetic. My coworkers seemed to go from sales associates to brave workers keeping the economy afloat overnight.
After about seven months of dutiful work, I was promoted to senior associate and had new responsibilities of closing and opening the store. Sure, I had dreams of working in an infectious disease lab. But having adults put real trust in me to account for several thousand dollars and secure a major outlet made me value and understand work perhaps even more than the research internship I missed out on.
I am thankful for this opportunity to work and learn with a dedicated staff. Now, I look forward to pursuing more experiences that will relate to my career in biotech in college. Oh, and I won’t miss soliciting credit card sales with each purchase!
Điểm: A
Điểm mà bài luận làm tốt:
Điểm cần cải thiện:
Phần chuyển tiếp giữa các đoạn, đặc biệt là khi nói về mục tiêu tương lai trong ngành công nghệ sinh học, có thể được làm mượt mà hơn. Điều này sẽ giúp câu chuyện trở nên liền mạch và dễ theo dõi hơn.
Đề bài từ USC: Describe how you plan to pursue your academic interests and why you want to explore them at USC specifically. Please feel free to address your first- and second-choice major selections. (Approximately 250 words)
As a child, I always got in trouble for staring. My mom would nudge me whenever I looked at someone too long. My uncontrollable staring was an embarrassment for her, but it’s one of the things I love most about myself. Whereas some people are do-ers, I am a watcher, a listener, and a documenter. Like introverts and extroverts, the world needs both kinds of people.
Watchers have an admirable task: to see what exists and give it meaning. That’s exactly what I want to do while pursuing my academic interests in anthropology. In particular, I’m interested in learning about art, language, and culture in Russia. Pursuing a research career in anthropology would open up opportunities for me to do research for government offices and move toward my ultimate goal of working for the United Nations.
As a Visual Anthropology and Russian double major at USC, I would hone my social scientist skills and improve my Russian language abilities. I’m also eager to participate in a directed internship and to connect with fellow watchers in the Anthropology and Global Studies club. The Center for Visual Anthropology, minor in Folklore and Popular Culture, and the anthropology-focused study abroad opportunity in St. Petersburg all converge to make USC the ideal place for me to learn.
With USC’s global focus and emphasis on creativity, research, and public service, I know that I could develop my watching skills into a successful anthropology career.
Điểm: A
Điểm mạnh của bài luận:
Điểm cần cải thiện:
Mặc dù em học sinh này đã thể hiện sự hiểu biết về USC, nhưng phần nói về các chương trình của trường còn hơi giống kiểu liệt kê. Để làm cho bài luận hấp dẫn hơn, phần này có thể được viết mượt mà hơn, tự nhiên hơn, để trở thành một phần trong câu chuyện thay vì chỉ đơn thuần là thông tin liệt kê các chương trình học.
Đề bài từ Barnard: At Barnard, academic inquiry starts with bold questions. What are some of the bold questions you have pondered that get you excited and why do they interest you? Tell us how you would explore these questions at Barnard. (max 300)
As I walked through the ancient city of Pompeii on a family vacation, I thought about the children. I imagined how scared they must have been when the volcano erupted, how they must have reached out to their caregivers for protection. When a large group of people mobbed through the alley next to us, I reached out to my own mother as an anchor.
What interests me most about history is that the people of the past were just like us. They had likes and dislikes, they became frightened and love-struck and tired. While the history of royalty and great wars captures most people’s attention, what I want to study is the history of everyday people.
What was it like to be a child in Pompeii? How did prisoners feel on their way to Australia? What kinds of recipes did the Aztecs cook?
I know that with Barnard’s culture of multidisciplinarity, discovery, and creative thinking, I’d be able to pursue these questions and more. In classes like Gender and Empire, I’ll learn about the ways European expansion was gendered. And in Children and Childhood in African History or Reproducing Inequalities: Family in Latin American History, I’ll be able to ask questions about the history of the family: How have family structures varied across time and place? What historical role have children played? In what ways have parenting practices changed and why?
While they may seem inconsequential for life today, I believe that answering these questions helps us better understand ourselves. With Barnard’s Building Strong Voices mission, I’ll learn how to present my research and advocate for the importance of history.
The world needs more histories of everyday people. We have a lot to learn from them, and Barnard’s offerings will help me lead us to better historical and current understandings.
>> Số từ: 299
Điểm: A+
Điểm mạnh của bài luận:
Dù viết bài luận chính hay luận phụ, việc đọc và phân tích ví dụ là rất quan trọng. Những bài luận tốt giúp các bạn học sinh hiểu rõ cấu trúc cần dùng, còn những ví dụ chưa tốt chỉ ra điều nên tránh. Để nhận được lời khuyên phát triển ý tưởng, xác định “giọng điệu” trong bài viết, và thể hiện rõ nét cá tính của mình, các bạn học sinh có thể liên hệ với APUS để được hỗ trợ thêm nhé.
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